Terrorism and extremism as a threat to public security!

It became absolutely natural that the topic of terrorism and extremism in the modern world and its information space is one of the most relevant. Extremely dangerous socio-political and criminal phenomena that represent terrorism and extremism, as well as their varieties - terrorist acts on criminal grounds, extreme nationalist (separatist) manifestations, religious extremism, which pose a global threat to the whole world and humanity, have become a huge problem today. . Tens of thousands of terrorist explosions have already taken place in many countries of the world, and the list of their victims is very long. A series of terrorist attacks, unprecedented in their consequences, on the territory of the United States, Russia, Spain, Great Britain, India, Iraq, Indonesia, France and other states since the late 1990s. showed that the currently established mechanisms for countering terrorism in most countries of the world do not correspond to the level and nature of the terrorist threat. At present, countering terrorist explosions is not a problem of one country, but a problem of a truly global scale. It should be noted that terrorism concerns both developed states and countries undergoing a stage of reform and formation, and is a huge threat to national security. At the end of XX - beginning of XXI century.the world is faced with the growth of extremism and terrorism, being completely unprepared neither in terms of practical struggle against these phenomena, nor from the standpoint of their theoretical understanding.

Extremism is a group of individuals, organizations with extreme views, positions and measures in social activities. Its goal: destabilization, destruction of relations and values that have developed in society. Like any manifestation, extremism has its own specific characteristics: violence, one-dimensional perception of social problems; fanaticism; thoughtless execution of any orders; reliance not on reason, but on instincts, prejudices; inability to tolerate.

Terrorism is a serious crime when an organized group of people seek to achieve their goal through violence. Often the victims of terrorism are innocent people, including children. Terror is intimidation, suppression of opponents, as well as physical violence, up to the destruction of people by committing acts of violence (murder, arson, explosions, hostage-taking). Consequently, terrorism is one of the forms of extremism. The word "terror" in Latin means "horror and fear." Terrorists are extremely cruel people who want to intimidate people who are taken hostage by any means, organize explosions in crowded places, use weapons. There are 3 types of modern terrorism: nationalistic, religious and political. The concept of “terrorism”, “terrorist”, appeared in France at the end of the 18th century. . Until very recently, the term “terrorism” already meant a range of different shades of violence.Dictionaries define the concept of "terrorism" as the violent actions of criminals with the aim of undermining the existing government, complicating international relations, political and economic extortion from states. Currently, there are about a hundred terrorist organizations around the world, and extremism is acquiring more and more diverse forms and rampant proportions.

Prevention of terrorist and other extremist activities includes the preparation and implementation by the state and its authorized bodies of a complex system of political, socio-economic, informational, educational, organizational, operational-search, legal, special and other measures aimed at preventing, detecting, suppressing terrorist activities, minimizing its consequences, establishing and eliminating the causes and conditions contributing to it. Prevention of extremism and terrorism is not only the task of the state, but also the task of representatives of civil society. This work depends on the clear position of political parties, public and religious associations, and citizens. Prevention of extremist manifestations should be considered as a tool for uniting the efforts of citizens in strengthening the economic and political potential.

The complication of the international situation, the growth of terrorist and extremist threats require the urgent adoption of additional steps to maintain stability both in society and throughout the world, as well as to counter the manifestations of terrorism and extremism. Terrorism in all its forms and manifestations and in its scale and intensity, in its inhumanity and cruelty has now become one of the most acute and topical problems of global significance. All kinds of manifestations of terrorism entail massive human casualties, the destruction of all spiritual, material and cultural values that cannot be recreated for centuries. Therefore, it is necessary to take the whole set of measures to combat terrorism and extremism.

Муаллимаи кафедраи умумидонишгоҳии фалсафа Халилова Зарина Қаҳрамоновна